Electric and hydraulic power steering systems are two distinct methods used to assist drivers in maneuvering vehicles. Hydraulic power steering employs fluid pressure for steering assistance while electric power steering employs an electric motor.
Both systems share the goal of reducing steering effort and increasing control, but each offers distinct mechanisms and components with unique benefits and drawbacks depending on design or application.
In this article we will look at both systems to decide which is the best choice. We look at the advantages and disadvantages of both systems, and address many of your most frequent questions. In addition, we’ll discuss various other steering systems that you might not have been aware of.
Which is Preferable: Electric or Hydraulic Power Steering?
How best to choose between electric or hydraulic steering systems depends on a range of factors, including vehicle type, driving preferences and technological advancements.
Electric power steering (EPS) tends to offer better fuel economy as only power is consumed when assistance is necessary versus hydraulic power steering which operates continuously with potentially significant effects on economy.
Electric systems often provide more precise and customizable steering feel, while hydraulic systems may offer superior feedback and feel for some drivers. Furthermore, due to being electronic in nature, electric systems tend to integrate more easily with modern driver assistance features.
However, both systems offer their own set of benefits, and choosing between electric or hydraulic power steering often comes down to individual driving preferences and what characteristics one wants from their steering system.
What is Hydraulic Power Steering?
Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) utilizes hydraulic fluid as an aid in steering. A pump powered by the engine pressurizes this fluid, applying force when turned by the driver to help turn the steering mechanism. When they change their steering wheel position, pressure increases on one side of the gearbox assisting its movement of wheels.
A common system found on vehicles for years, the hydraulic power steering system involves connecting hoses, pumps, steering gear, and reservoirs for hydraulic fluid to provide drivers with excellent steering feedback and feel on the road. Although reliable, its continuous draw on power from engines could negatively impact fuel economy as compared to newer electric power steering systems.
Pros and Cons of hydraulic power steering
Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) systems come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages; each option carries their own set of merits and drawbacks.
Pros
- Better Steering Feel: HPS provides direct steering feedback that allows drivers to better sense the road conditions and vehicle responses.
- Durability: It is an established technology known for its long-term usage in automobiles.
- Lower Cost: Hydraulic systems tend to be less costly to manufacture compared to electric power steering systems.
Cons:
- Fuel Efficiency: Hydro Power Steering systems use engine power continuously, leading to lower fuel efficiencies than electric power steering systems.
- Maintenance: Hydraulic systems often need routine inspection and upkeep due to leaks of fluid or wear and tear on hoses and seals, as well as fluid contamination issues.
- Complication: Hydraulic systems consisting of components like hoses and pumps add weight and complexity to a vehicle.
Hydraulic steering systems have long been trusted, yet they do present certain limitations in terms of efficiency and maintenance when compared with more modern electric power steering systems.
What is Electric Power Steering?
Electric Power Steering (EPS) is a type of steering system that utilizes an electric motor instead of hydraulic pressure for steering assistance, such as traditional systems do.
This motor is typically mounted to either the steering rack or column and assists drivers by providing variable levels of power assistance depending on driving conditions, speed and sensor inputs.
EPS systems offer greater fuel economy due to being more energy-efficient, lighter weight, more controllable assistance levels than hydraulic ones and have advanced driver assistance features built-in as well as greater driver assistance features that aid drivers while improving fuel economy further than hydraulic systems do..
Pros and Cons Of Electric Power Steering
Pros
- Efficiency: Electric power steering (EPS) offers greater fuel economy as it only consumes power when assistance is required, unlike hydraulic systems which constantly draw from their engines for assistance.
- Control and Precision: Additionally, it offers improved steering control and precision by offering different levels of assistance depending on driving conditions.
- Reducing Maintenance Costs: Fewer components and less fluid consumption mean lower maintenance requirements compared to hydraulic systems.
- Integrate With Tech: Easier integration with driver assistance systems and modern automotive technologies.
- Fuel Efficiency: EPS systems typically help increase fuel economy.
Cons
- Potential Electrical Issues: Relying heavily on electric systems, any malfunctions or electrical failures could adversely impact steering assistance.
- Cost: At first, EPS systems might be more costly to manufacture and repair than hydraulic ones.
- Feedback: Some drivers prefer the more natural feel provided by hydraulic systems to that of electric ones.
What Are The Key Differences Between Hydraulic And Electric Power Steering?
The key differences between Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) and Electric Power Steering (EPS) lie in their mechanisms of operation:
Power Source
- HPS: Hydraulic systems use a hydraulic pump powered by the engine to generate pressure in steering fluid.
- EPS: Electric systems use an electric motor and sensors to provide steering assistance.
Energy Consumption
- HPS: Hydraulic systems consume power constantly, drawing energy from the engine regardless of the steering input.
- EPS: Electric systems only draw power when steering assistance is required, improving overall efficiency.
Maintenance and Repair Needs
- HPS: Hydraulic systems involve more components, including hoses, fluids, and a pump, potentially requiring more maintenance.
- EPS: Electric systems are simpler, often requiring less maintenance and having fewer components that could fail.
Handling
- HPS: Hydraulic systems usually provide more direct “road feel” and feedback to the driver due to the hydraulic fluid.
- EPS: Electric systems might feel less natural or have less feedback but offer more customizable steering characteristics.
Integration with Vehicle Systems
- HPS: Hydraulic systems can be more challenging to integrate with advanced vehicle safety and autonomous driving systems.
- EPS: Electric systems are more adaptable and compatible with modern driver-assistance technologies.
